The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized organ located at the base of the brain whose job is to produce and release many critical hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, mood, and more. Often called the "master gland," the pituitary is responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the body.
Anatomy
The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus region of the brain by the pituitary stalk. It sits nestled in the sella turcica, a bony structure at the base of the skull. The pituitary is made up of two lobes with different functions:
- Anterior lobe: Produces protein hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, sexual function, thyroid function
- Posterior lobe: Stores and releases peptide hormones oxytocin and vasopressin that control uterine contractions, milk let-down, and water regulation
Hormones
The major hormones produced and regulated by the pituitary include:
- Growth hormone (GH): Stimulates growth of bone and tissues
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Triggers thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): Triggers adrenal gland to produce cortisol
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH): Regulate sexual function and reproduction
- Prolactin (PRL): Stimulates milk production and secretion
Disorders
Problems with the pituitary can occur from tumors, inflammation, injury, infections or genetic conditions. Common disorders include:
- Pituitary adenomas: Benign tumors that affect hormone production
- Hypopituitarism: Underactive pituitary with insufficient hormone secretion
- Hyperpituitarism: Overactive pituitary overproducing hormones
- Diabetes insipidus: Inability to regulate body fluids due to vasopressin deficiency
If you suspect a problem with your pituitary, schedule an appointment with the experts at
Hormone Harmony. Our advanced
hormone testing can accurately diagnose pituitary disorders, and our
hormone therapy programs use bioidentical hormones to restore optimal balance. Mention this post for 10% off your first visit!
In summary, the pituitary gland serves a central role in the endocrine system to maintain bodily homeostasis through the production of key hormones regulating growth, reproduction, metabolism, stress response and more. Talk to your doctor or visit a specialist like Hormone Harmony if you experience symptoms of pituitary dysfunction such as abnormal growth, infertility, fluid imbalance, fatigue and mood changes. Proper testing and treatment can get your pituitary functioning normally again.